You need a government ID, proof of address, and your Social Security number or ITIN

Every bank will ask for three things before opening an account: a photo ID issued by a government agency, proof that you live at a specific address, and a tax identification number. The ID proves who you are. The address proof shows where the bank can reach you. The tax ID—usually a Social Security number, but an ITIN if you don't have one—lets the bank report the account to the IRS and check your banking history.

Banks also run a background check through ChexSystems, a database that tracks closed accounts and fraud. If you've had problems at another bank, this check may flag it. You don't need to do anything about ChexSystems yourself—the bank handles it—but knowing it exists explains why some people are turned down even when they have all the right documents.

Key Takeaways

  • Bring a government-issued photo ID (driver's license, passport, or state ID card) to prove your identity.
  • Bring a recent utility bill, lease, or mortgage statement showing your current address—usually dated within the last 60 days.
  • Have your Social Security number or ITIN ready; the bank will verify it against IRS records.
  • Banks check ChexSystems, a database of closed accounts and fraud, so past banking problems may prevent you from opening an account at some institutions.
  • Some banks waive certain requirements for minors or allow a parent or guardian to open an account on their behalf.

What counts as a government ID

A driver's license is the most common form of ID banks accept. A state-issued ID card (non-driver) works just as well. A U.S. passport, passport card, or military ID also work. The ID must be current or expired no more than a few years—banks vary on how old they'll accept, but most take anything expired within five years.

If you don't have a driver's license or state ID, a passport is your strongest option. If you have none of these, some banks will accept a tribal ID, a foreign passport, or a permanent resident card (green card). Call the bank before you go in; they'll tell you exactly what they accept. Bringing the wrong document wastes a trip.

What counts as proof of address

A recent utility bill is the standard. Electric, gas, water, internet, or phone bills all work. The bill must show your name and current address and be dated within the last 60 days—some banks are stricter and want 30 days. A lease or mortgage statement works too, as long as it's recent and has your name on it.

If you don't have a utility bill or lease in your name, a bank statement from another bank, a tax return, or a government document with your address can work. Some banks accept a letter from a government agency, a school, or a shelter. If you're homeless or living with someone else, ask the bank what they'll accept—many have workarounds, though they vary widely.

Your Social Security number or ITIN

You'll need to provide your nine-digit Social Security number (SSN) or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). The bank uses this to check your history with ChexSystems and to report the account to the IRS. You don't need to bring a card or document—you just tell the bank the number, and they verify it.

If you don't have an SSN, you can get an ITIN from the IRS. The process takes several weeks and requires Form W-7 plus proof of identity and residency. Some banks will open an account without an SSN or ITIN if you're a minor or a non-resident alien, but this is rare and varies by bank. Ask first.

What happens if ChexSystems blocks you

ChexSystems is a private company that banks use to check your history. If you've had an account closed due to fraud, unpaid overdrafts, or repeated NSF (non-sufficient funds) fees, ChexSystems will have a record. When a bank runs the check, they see this record and may deny you.

You have the right to see what ChexSystems has on file about you. Visit chexsystems.com or call 1-800-428-9623 to request your report. If there's an error, you can dispute it. If the information is correct but old, some banks will still open an account for you—they just charge higher fees or require a larger deposit. Second-chance banking accounts exist specifically for people with ChexSystems records; they're more expensive but they work.

Special rules for minors

A minor (usually anyone under 18) cannot open a bank account alone. A parent or legal guardian must be present and sign the account paperwork. The adult's ID and proof of address are also required. Some banks require the adult to be a co-owner of the account; others allow the adult to be a custodian who can monitor but not withdraw money.

A few banks offer teen accounts that let minors manage their own money with parental oversight. These accounts may have lower fees and spending limits. The minor still needs an ID (school ID, passport, or state ID) and a Social Security number. Ask the bank what options they have for your child's age.

What to bring and what to expect

Bring your government ID, proof of address, and write down your Social Security number or ITIN. Bring a debit card application if the bank requires one. Bring a checkbook if you want checks. You don't need to bring cash to open an account—you can fund it later—but many people bring a small deposit to activate the account right away.

The process takes 15 to 30 minutes. The bank will ask you questions about your employment, income, and how you plan to use the account. They're not judging you; they're filling out a form required by federal law. You'll sign documents, get a debit card (usually mailed to you within 7 to 10 days), and receive online banking login information. Some banks give you a temporary card you can use immediately.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I open an account online without going to the bank?

Some banks let you open an account entirely online. You'll upload photos of your ID and proof of address, type in your Social Security number, and fund the account by transfer from another bank. The bank still runs the ChexSystems check. You won't get a debit card immediately—it arrives by mail—but you can use the account for transfers and bill pay right away.

What if I don't have a proof of address?

Call the bank and ask what alternatives they accept. Many will take a letter from an employer, a government agency, a school, or a shelter. Some accept a bank statement from another bank or a recent tax return. If you're homeless, some banks have specific procedures; ask to speak with a manager rather than a teller.

Do I need to bring my Social Security card?

No. You just need to know your number. The bank verifies it electronically. If you don't know your number, you can call the Social Security Administration at 1-800-772-1213 to confirm it before you go to the bank.

What if I was denied at one bank because of ChexSystems?

Get your ChexSystems report and check for errors. If the information is correct, look for a second-chance banking account or a credit union—they often have more flexible policies than large banks. You can also ask the bank that denied you what you'd need to do to open an account in the future.

Can someone else open an account for me?

No. You must be present and sign the account agreement yourself. A parent or guardian can open an account for a minor, but you (the minor) must be there. If you're unable to go to the bank, some banks allow you to open an account online instead.