The documents and information you'll need before you walk in

To open a bank account, you need a government-issued photo ID, proof of your current address, and your Social Security number or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). Most banks also ask for an initial deposit, though the amount varies—some require $25, others $100 or more, and some have no minimum. Bring these items with you, whether you're opening an account in person or online.

The exact requirements shift slightly between banks and between account types. A checking account at a large national bank may ask for different documents than a savings account at a credit union. Online banks often have lower barriers than brick-and-mortar branches. Knowing what each bank needs before you arrive saves time and prevents a wasted trip.

Key Takeaways

  • You must bring a government-issued photo ID (driver's license, passport, or state ID card) to open any bank account.
  • Proof of your current address—a utility bill, lease, or bank statement dated within the last 60 days—is required by most banks to prevent fraud.
  • Your Social Security number or ITIN is needed for the bank to report interest and comply with federal tax rules.
  • Initial deposit requirements range from zero to several hundred dollars depending on the bank and account type; call ahead to confirm the amount.
  • Online banks often require fewer documents and lower minimums than traditional branches, but you cannot deposit cash in person.

Government-issued photo ID

A bank will not open an account without a photo ID issued by a government agency. A driver's license is the most common choice. A state ID card (issued by your state's DMV if you don't drive) works equally well. A U.S. passport, passport card, or military ID also count.

The ID must not be expired. Some banks accept IDs that expired within the last year; others require a current ID. If your ID is expired, renew it before you go to the bank—it takes longer than opening the account itself. If you don't have any of these forms of ID, you'll need to get one first, which requires going to your state's DMV or passport office.

Proof of your current address

Banks use address verification to confirm you are who you say you are and to comply with federal anti-money-laundering rules. A utility bill (electric, gas, water, or internet) dated within the last 60 days is the standard proof. A lease or rental agreement, a recent bank or credit card statement, or a mortgage statement also work. Some banks accept a government-issued document like a voter registration card or tax return.

The document must show your name and current address. If you recently moved and haven't received a utility bill at your new address yet, ask the utility company for a letter confirming your account and address, or use a lease signed by both you and your landlord. If you live with family or friends and have no document in your name, some banks will accept a notarized letter from the person whose name is on the bill, stating that you live there.

Social Security number or ITIN

Banks are required by federal law to collect your Social Security number (SSN) or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) when you open an account. They use it to report interest income to the IRS and to check your banking history through ChexSystems, a system that tracks account closures and fraud. Without an SSN or ITIN, you cannot open a standard account.

If you don't have an SSN, you can apply for an ITIN through the IRS. The process takes several weeks. Some banks will hold your application while you obtain an ITIN, but most will ask you to come back once you have one. If you are undocumented and cannot get an ITIN, a few banks and credit unions offer accounts without an SSN—call ahead to ask, as these options are limited and vary by location.

Initial deposit amount

Most banks require an opening deposit to fund the account immediately. The amount varies widely. Large national banks like Chase or Bank of America often require $25 to $100 for a checking account. Credit unions may ask for $5 to $25. Online banks like Ally or Charles Schwab frequently have no minimum deposit at all.

The opening deposit is your money—it goes into your new account and you can spend it or withdraw it whenever you want. It is not a fee. If a bank tells you the deposit is non-refundable or that you must keep a minimum balance to avoid a monthly fee, that is a separate rule. Before you open an account, call the bank or check their website to confirm the opening deposit amount and any monthly maintenance fees.

Additional information banks may request

Some banks ask for your phone number, email address, and employment information when you open an account. These are optional in most cases, though providing them can speed up the process. A few banks ask whether you want online banking and bill pay set up immediately; you can usually say no and set these up later.

If you are opening a joint account with another person, both account holders must be present (or both must complete an online application) with their own ID and proof of address. Some banks also ask for a second form of ID or a fingerprint for fraud prevention, though this is less common. Ask the bank what they need before you arrive.

What you do not need

You do not need a credit card, a job, or a good credit score to open a bank account. You do not need to bring your birth certificate, Social Security card, or passport card unless the bank specifically asks. You do not need to open a checking account before a savings account, or vice versa—you can open either one first, or both at the same time.

You do not need to bring cash for the opening deposit if you can transfer money from another account or have a check deposited. Many banks allow you to complete the opening deposit online or by phone after you've opened the account, though some require it in person. Ask the bank how they prefer to receive the opening deposit.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I open a bank account online without going to a branch?

Yes, most online banks and many traditional banks allow you to open an account entirely online. You'll upload photos of your ID and proof of address, enter your information, and fund the account by transfer or check deposit. You won't receive a debit card for several business days. If you need cash immediately or want to deposit cash, you'll need to visit a branch or use an ATM.

What if I don't have a current address or I'm homeless?

Some banks will accept a shelter address, a PO box, or a care-of address (c/o someone else's address with their permission) as proof of address. Call the bank ahead of time and explain your situation—many have policies for people without stable housing. Credit unions are sometimes more flexible than large banks. You may also look for a community bank or credit union that serves unhoused populations in your area.

Do I need to bring my Social Security card to the bank?

No. You only need to tell the bank your Social Security number or ITIN. You do not need to show the card itself. Bringing your Social Security card is actually a security risk—if it's lost or stolen, someone could use it to commit identity theft. Leave it at home.

What happens if I don't have any of these documents?

Start with your state's DMV to get a photo ID, which is the hardest requirement to work around. Once you have an ID, you can usually find a bank or credit union willing to work with you on the address proof and opening deposit. Some community banks and credit unions have programs for people without traditional documentation. Call ahead and ask what they can do.

Can someone else open an account on my behalf?

No. You must be present in person or complete the application yourself online. The bank needs to verify your identity directly. If you are a minor, a parent or guardian can open a custodial account for you, but you will still need to provide your ID and information.