The documents and information banks require before you can open an account
To open a bank account, you need a government-issued photo ID, proof of your current address, and your Social Security number or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). Most banks also ask for your employment information and initial deposit amount, though some accounts have no minimum. The exact list varies by bank and account type — a basic checking account usually needs less than a savings account or money market account.
You can bring these documents in person to a branch, or upload them online if the bank offers remote account opening. Some banks let you start the process on their website and finish it over the phone with a representative. The whole process typically takes 15 to 30 minutes in person, or 10 to 20 minutes online.
Key Takeaways
- You must bring a government-issued photo ID (driver's license, passport, or state ID card) and proof of your current address, such as a utility bill or lease.
- Banks need your Social Security number or ITIN to verify your identity and check your banking history through ChexSystems or Early Warning Services.
- Some banks require an initial deposit to open an account, but many offer no-minimum accounts if you meet other conditions, such as setting up direct deposit.
- If you do not have a photo ID or proof of address, some banks and credit unions offer second-chance accounts with alternative verification methods.
- You can open an account online, by phone, or in person, and the process usually takes less than an hour from start to finish.
Government-issued photo ID and what counts
Banks accept a driver's license, state ID card, or passport as proof of identity. The ID must be current or expired no more than five years ago — most banks will not accept an ID that expired longer than that. If your ID is expired beyond that window, you can still open an account, but you may need to bring a second form of ID or additional documentation.
If you do not have a driver's license or state ID, a passport works just as well. If you have none of these, some banks and credit unions will accept a tribal ID, military ID, or foreign passport. Call the bank before you go in to confirm what they will take, because policies differ.
Proof of your current address
Banks need to verify where you live. A utility bill, lease agreement, mortgage statement, or government mail with your name and address will work. The document must show your current address and be dated within the last 60 to 90 days — banks vary on how recent it needs to be. If you receive mail at a PO box instead of a street address, bring a second document that shows your physical location, such as a driver's license or lease.
If you have just moved and do not have a recent bill in your name yet, bring your lease or a signed statement from your landlord. Some banks will also accept a recent bank statement from another bank showing your new address. If you are homeless or living in temporary housing, ask the bank about their policy — many have options for people without a permanent address.
Social Security number or ITIN
Banks use your Social Security number (SSN) or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) to verify your identity and check your banking history. They run your number through ChexSystems or Early Warning Services, which track accounts you have opened and closed, overdrafts, and fraud reports. This check determines whether you can open an account or whether you will be flagged for a second-chance account.
If you do not have an SSN or ITIN, some banks and credit unions will open an account without one, but this is rare. Credit unions are more likely to do this than large national banks. You will need to bring additional documentation, such as a passport or consular ID. Call ahead to confirm the bank will work with you before you make the trip.
Initial deposit and minimum balance requirements
Many banks require an initial deposit to open an account, but the amount varies widely. Some banks ask for $25 to $100, while others require $500 or more for premium accounts. Many banks now offer no-minimum accounts if you set up direct deposit, maintain a certain monthly balance, or meet other conditions.
Before you go to the bank, check their website or call to find out what they require. If you cannot meet the minimum, look for banks or credit unions that offer no-minimum accounts. Online banks and community banks often have lower or no minimums than large national chains.
Employment information and income verification
Banks ask for your employer's name and your job title, but they rarely verify this information before opening the account. They are gathering data for their records and for compliance with anti-money-laundering rules. If you are self-employed, retired, or unemployed, you can still open an account — just tell the bank your status. You do not need to bring pay stubs or tax returns unless the bank specifically asks.
If you are opening a business account instead of a personal account, the bank will ask for more information about your business structure and may ask to see your business license or tax ID. Personal accounts have fewer requirements.
What happens after you provide your documents
Once you submit your information, the bank runs a background check through ChexSystems or Early Warning Services. This usually takes a few minutes if you are in person, or a few hours if you applied online. If you have a history of overdrafts, fraud, or unpaid fees at another bank, you may be denied or offered a second-chance account with restrictions, such as no overdraft protection or a lower initial deposit limit.
If you are approved, your account opens immediately in person or within one to two business days online. You will receive a debit card, checks (if you requested them), and online banking access. Your account number and routing number are available right away so you can set up direct deposit or transfers.
Second-chance accounts if you have been denied before
If ChexSystems shows a history of overdrafts, bounced checks, or fraud, you may not may have access to for a standard account. Many banks and credit unions offer second-chance accounts designed for people with banking problems in their past. These accounts often have higher fees, lower spending limits, or no overdraft protection, but they let you rebuild your banking history.
Credit unions are often more willing to work with people who have been denied by banks. If you have been denied, ask the bank whether they offer a second-chance product, or contact a local credit union to see what they can do. After six to twelve months of good standing, you may be able to move to a standard account with fewer restrictions.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I open a bank account without a Social Security number?
Most banks require an SSN or ITIN, but some credit unions and online banks will open an account without one if you bring a passport or other government ID. Call the bank first to confirm they will work with you, because this is not standard.
What if my ID is expired?
Most banks accept an expired ID if it expired within the last five years. If it is older than that, bring a second form of ID or ask the bank what other documents they will take. A passport or military ID can work as a backup.
Do I have to bring an initial deposit in cash?
No. You can bring a check, transfer money from another account, or set up a direct deposit. Some banks let you open the account first and deposit money later, though they may hold the account open for only a few days before closing it if no deposit arrives.
How long does it take to open an account online?
Online account opening usually takes 10 to 20 minutes to complete, but the bank may take one to two business days to verify your documents and activate your account. You can usually start using your account number and routing number right away, even if your debit card has not arrived yet.
What if I do not have proof of my current address?
Bring a lease, signed statement from your landlord, or recent bank statement showing your address. If you have just moved, ask the bank what documents they will accept. If you are homeless, call ahead to ask about their policy — many banks have options for people without a permanent address.