What you need to open a bank account

To open a bank account, you need a government-issued photo ID, proof of your current address, and your Social Security number or ITIN. Most banks also ask for an initial deposit, though the amount varies—some require $25, others $300 or more. A few banks waive the deposit entirely if you set up direct deposit.

You can open an account in person at a branch, online through the bank's website, or by phone. In-person is fastest if you have all documents ready; online takes a few minutes but you may need to verify your identity by uploading photos of your ID. Phone applications typically take 10 to 15 minutes and are common at larger banks.

Before you start, check whether the bank reports to ChexSystems, a banking history database. If you've had accounts closed for overdrafts or fraud in the past, some banks will deny you based on that record. A few banks (often called "second chance" banks) don't check ChexSystems or have looser policies—worth knowing if you've had trouble before.

Key Takeaways

  • You will need a photo ID, proof of address, and your Social Security number or ITIN; most banks also require an opening deposit between $25 and $300.
  • Online accounts open in minutes but require you to upload ID photos; in-person opens take longer but let you ask questions and hand over documents directly.
  • ChexSystems is a banking history database that some banks check—if you've had accounts closed for overdrafts or fraud, disclose this upfront or look for banks that don't use ChexSystems.
  • Your account becomes active immediately after approval, though transfers and deposits may take one to three business days to show up depending on the method.

Documents to bring or upload

Have these ready before you start: a valid driver's license, passport, or state ID card (the photo ID must not be expired); a recent utility bill, lease, or mortgage statement showing your name and current address; and your Social Security number written down or memorized. If you don't have a Social Security number, a valid ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) works instead.

For proof of address, the document must show your name and street address and be dated within the last 60 to 90 days—banks vary on how recent they require it. A utility bill in your name is ideal. A lease or mortgage statement works. A bank statement from another bank also counts. If you're homeless or don't have a permanent address, some banks will accept a letter from a shelter or social service agency on letterhead, though you should call ahead to confirm.

If you're opening the account online, you'll photograph both sides of your ID and upload them through the bank's app or website. Make sure the photos are clear, well-lit, and show all four corners of the card. If the upload fails, the bank will contact you—don't assume it went through.

Opening in person versus online

Opening in person at a branch takes 15 to 30 minutes if you have your documents. A banker will verify your ID, confirm your address, run a ChexSystems check, and set up your account on the spot. You'll sign paperwork (or sign electronically on a tablet), choose your account type, and make your opening deposit. Your account is active immediately, though you won't receive your debit card for 7 to 10 business days.

Opening online is faster—usually 5 to 10 minutes—but requires you to upload clear photos of your ID and sometimes verify your identity through a video call or by answering security questions about your credit history. The bank will email you a confirmation, and your account opens within 24 hours. You can start using it for transfers and bill pay right away, but your physical debit card still takes 7 to 10 business days to arrive.

In-person is better if you have questions, want to make a large opening deposit in cash, or prefer to hand over documents directly. Online is better if you're opening outside business hours, live far from a branch, or want to avoid a trip. Both routes are equally secure if the bank uses encryption and two-factor verification.

What happens after you open the account

Once your account is approved, you can log into your online banking portal or mobile app immediately. You can set up bill pay, transfer money between your own accounts at other banks, and receive direct deposits. Your debit card will arrive by mail in 7 to 10 business days; some banks let you request expedited shipping for a fee.

Your first deposit may take time to clear. If you deposit a check, it typically takes 1 to 3 business days for the funds to show up, depending on whether it's a local or out-of-state check. ACH transfers from another bank take 1 to 2 business days. Wire transfers are faster—usually same-day or next-day. Cash deposits at an ATM or branch are available immediately.

The bank will send you a welcome packet with your account number, routing number, and information about fees. Read the fee schedule carefully—some accounts charge monthly maintenance fees (often waived if you maintain a minimum balance or set up direct deposit), overdraft fees if you spend more than you have, and ATM fees if you use out-of-network machines. These fees vary widely between banks.

Choosing between account types

Most banks offer a checking account, a savings account, or both. A checking account is for frequent transactions—paying bills, receiving paychecks, everyday spending. A savings account earns interest on money you're not using right away, though the interest rate is usually very low (often under 0.5% per year). Some banks require you to open both; others let you choose one.

If you're opening your first account, a basic checking account is usually the right choice. Look for one with no monthly fee, no minimum balance requirement, and no opening deposit (or a very small one). If you want to save money and earn interest, add a savings account later—you can open one at the same bank or move to a different bank that offers better rates.

Some banks offer special accounts for students, seniors, or people with low income. These often have lower fees or no fees at all. Ask the banker whether you may have access to for any of these accounts before you commit to a standard account.

If you're denied or have a ChexSystems issue

If a bank denies you, ask why. The most common reason is a ChexSystems record—usually from an account that was closed due to overdrafts, fraud, or unpaid fees. You have the right to see your ChexSystems report for free. Visit www.chexsystems.com and request your report, or call 1-800-428-9623. If there's an error on your report, you can dispute it directly with ChexSystems.

If your ChexSystems record is accurate but you want to move forward, look for banks that don't use ChexSystems or that have "second chance" checking accounts. These banks often charge higher fees or require a larger opening deposit, but they will work with you. Credit unions sometimes have more flexible policies than large banks. Call ahead and ask whether they check ChexSystems before you apply.

If you were denied for a reason other than ChexSystems—such as not having a valid ID or not meeting income requirements—ask the bank what you need to do to become may be able to access. Some issues can be fixed (getting a valid ID, for example), while others may require you to try a different bank.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need a minimum balance to keep my account open?

It depends on the bank and account type. Many basic checking accounts have no minimum balance requirement. Others require you to keep $500 or more, or they charge a monthly fee. Read the fee schedule before you open the account. If you can't meet the minimum, look for a bank that doesn't have one.

Can I open an account if I don't have a Social Security number?

Yes. You can use an ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) instead. Some banks accept ITINs without question; others require you to call ahead or visit in person. If you're an immigrant or non-citizen, ask the bank whether they accept ITINs before you apply online.

How long does it take to receive my debit card?

Standard delivery takes 7 to 10 business days. Some banks offer expedited shipping for $10 to $25, which cuts it down to 2 to 3 business days. You can use your account for online transfers and bill pay while you wait for the card to arrive.

What if I make a mistake on my application?

Contact the bank immediately—usually through the phone number on your welcome email or the customer service line on the bank's website. Small errors like a typo in your address can often be corrected before your account is fully activated. Large errors, like a wrong Social Security number, may require you to close the account and open a new one.

Can I open an account for someone else?

No. The account holder must open it themselves or authorize someone to open it on their behalf with a power of attorney. If you're opening an account for a minor child, you'll typically be the account owner and they'll be an authorized user until they reach the age of majority (usually 18).