The routing number is the nine-digit code on the left side of the bottom line; your account number is the longer code in the middle
Every check has three separate numbers printed along the bottom in magnetic ink. From left to right, you'll see the routing number (nine digits), then your account number (usually ten to twelve digits), then the check number (three to four digits). The routing number identifies your bank or credit union. The account number identifies your specific account at that bank. You need both when you set up direct deposit, authorize an electronic payment, or give someone permission to withdraw money from your account.
The numbers are printed in a special format called MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition), which means they're slightly raised and printed in dark ink so machines can read them. You can read them with your eyes just fine—they're not hidden—but the format matters when a check goes through a bank's processing equipment.
Key Takeaways
- The routing number (nine digits) sits on the far left of the bottom line and identifies your specific bank or credit union.
- Your account number (ten to twelve digits) sits in the middle of the bottom line and identifies your account within that bank.
- Both numbers are printed in dark magnetic ink along the bottom edge and are readable to the human eye.
- You'll need both numbers together for direct deposit, bill pay, wire transfers, and any electronic transaction tied to your account.
Reading the bottom line of your check from left to right
Look at the very bottom of any check you have. You'll see a row of numbers printed in a darker ink than the rest of the check. Start from the left edge. The first set of nine digits, enclosed in colons or special symbols on either side, is your routing number. This number never changes for your account—it's tied to your bank's location and the Federal Reserve district it belongs to.
Moving right from the routing number, you'll see a longer string of digits (typically ten to twelve numbers). This is your account number. It's also enclosed in special symbols. After the account number comes a shorter set of digits—usually three or four numbers—which is simply the check number printed for your reference.
If you're having trouble spotting them, the numbers are always at the very bottom of the check, never in the top margin or middle section. They run horizontally across the full width of the check.
Why banks print these numbers in a specific format
The MICR format exists because checks still move through automated sorting machines at banks and the Federal Reserve. When you deposit a check or it clears, machines scan that bottom line to route it to the correct bank and account. The raised, dark ink and specific font make it possible for scanners to read the numbers accurately at high speed, even if the check is slightly worn or has been folded.
This is also why you should never write over or obscure the numbers at the bottom of a check. If the MICR line becomes unreadable, the check may be rejected or processed incorrectly, which can delay a deposit or cause a payment to go to the wrong account.
Finding your routing number if you don't have a check handy
You don't need a physical check to find your routing number. Your bank's website usually lists it in the account information or settings section. You can also call your bank's customer service line and ask for your routing number—they'll provide it immediately. Some banks print it on statements or in account welcome materials.
If you know your bank's name and your state, you can also search the American Bankers Association routing number database online. The routing number is public information and is not a security risk to share.
The difference between routing number and account number
The routing number is the same for everyone at your bank (or at least everyone in your region of the bank, if it's a large national institution). It tells the banking system which bank to send money to. Your account number is unique to you—no one else at your bank has your account number. Together, they form a complete address for your money.
Think of it like a mailing address: the routing number is the city and state; the account number is your street address and house number. You need both pieces to make sure money reaches the right place.
When you'll need to provide both numbers
Direct deposit is the most common reason you'll need to give someone both numbers. Your employer or a government agency (like the IRS for a tax refund) will ask for your routing number and account number so they can deposit money electronically into your account. You'll also need both numbers to set up automatic bill payments through your bank, to authorize an ACH transfer to another account, or to receive a wire transfer.
If you're receiving a refund—whether from taxes, insurance, or a business—and you want it deposited directly instead of mailed as a check, you'll provide these numbers. Some refund programs ask for them on a form; others ask you to enter them on a website.
What to do if you can't read the numbers on your check
If the numbers at the bottom of your check are faded, smudged, or otherwise hard to read, don't guess. Contact your bank directly and ask them to confirm your routing number and account number. They can verify both over the phone or through your online account portal. This takes just a few minutes and prevents the risk of providing incorrect numbers, which could send money to the wrong place.
If you're in a situation where you need these numbers right away—for example, to set up direct deposit for a new job—call your bank rather than trying to decipher a worn check. It's faster and more reliable.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is it safe to share my routing and account number?
Your routing number is public information and safe to share. Your account number is more sensitive but is routinely given to employers, government agencies, and businesses for legitimate transactions like direct deposit and bill pay. Only share both numbers with organizations you trust and that have a clear reason to need them.
Do I need a check to find my routing and account number?
No. You can find both numbers through your bank's website, by calling customer service, or by checking your account statements. Many banks also display this information in their mobile app.
Will my routing number change if I move to a different state?
Not necessarily. Your routing number is tied to the specific branch or processing center where your account is held, not to your home address. If you move but keep the same bank account, your routing number typically stays the same. If you open a new account at a different bank, you'll have a new routing number.
What if I provide the wrong routing or account number for a refund?
The money may be deposited into the wrong account or rejected entirely. If this happens, contact the organization that sent the refund (the IRS, your insurance company, or whoever issued it) as soon as you notice. They can often trace the deposit and correct it, but the sooner you report it, the faster it can be fixed.
Can someone withdraw money from my account if they have my routing and account number?
Theoretically yes, but only if they also have authorization. Sharing these numbers alone doesn't give someone access to your account. However, don't share them with people or organizations you don't trust. If you suspect unauthorized activity, contact your bank immediately.